Properties and characteristics of Fabrics?

Properties and characteristics of Fabrics?

Answer:

Properties and characteristics of Fabrics:

A typical building fabric consists of the many elements of various thermal conductances organized variously nonparallel and parallel. as an example, the aspect of a house might have some regions of cavity brick wall into that are inset some metal window frames fitted with single sheets of glass. Thus, there'll be some components of {the room|the space|the area} behind that are separated from the surface by just one layer of glass, in parallel with some components that have 2 layers of skinny metal (the window frame), in parallel with some components that have a layer of brick over series with an air gap, another layer of brick and a coating of plaster. the general thermal performance of the wall is a operate of all of those.

Fortunately, enough is thought concerning varied materials to enable the calculation of an overall thermal character for many common building fabrics so an overall conductance (or resistance) will be derived. Such values will be calculated for single glazed and double glazed windows, concrete block floors, suspended wood floors, walls and then on. These characteristics are sometimes written as an R-value or a U-Value for every one of the varied styles of construction and/or structural components. a lot of complicated simulation techniques add a lag and decrement price or a group of response factors to explain the dynamic thermal behavior of the component.

Therefore, the information of the varied properties of the building fabric allows mathematical modeling of a whole building by taking all the varied parts and their areas into account and subjecting the hypothetic building to a dynamic regime of internal energy inputs, external solar masses, outside air temperatures, wind velocities, etc. Thus, if all the basic sources of heat loss and warmth gain in a building are properly thought of, it's possible to determine quite accurately the ensuing internal conditions among it and, a lot of significantly, however comfortable it's probably to be or how much air-conditioning energy are going to be needed to create it thus.

We need to form certain that the customer is responsible for the properties and characteristics of the fabrics. it's the designer's responsibility to select the suitable fabrics for his or her intended applications, however, it's the responsibility of {the fabric|the material} producer to supply the maximum amount data as possible to assist customers to create appropriate fabric choices. Like physical properties, style characteristics, tactile characteristics, utility characteristics, durability and then on.

Physical properties of Fabrics:

Physical properties are the static physical dimension of fabric.The following physical properties are used to define the static physical dimensions of strand fabrics:

· Fibre or filament: type, size, length

· Yarn: diameter, twist, weight or size, count, fiber content for mixed yarns, ply.

· Weight: ounces per squared or yards per pound.

· Thickness: vertical depth.

· Fabric structure

· Woven fabrics: weave type, warp and filling yarn count per linear inch

· Knitted fabric: knit type, wale and course count per inch

· Finishes: chemicals such as resins, starches, waxes and mechanical effects such as

· Calendaring and napping applied to the woven fabric to yield or enhance style, durability, and utility values.

· Fabric width: The length of the filling or course

· Color: Hue, value, and intensity (degree of brilliance)

· Fabric density: weight per unit of volume.

· Surface contour: the geometric dimension of the surface plane.

Physical characteristics of fabrics:

Physical characteristics are the dynamic physical parameters of fabric. They are physical changes in the fabric that result from applying outside forces on the fabric. Most of the durability and utility values of fabric are characteristics and not properties. There are four major categories of fabric characteristics that interest the apparel manufacturer. They are:

· Style characteristics

· Utility characteristics

· Durability characteristics

· Product production characteristics

There are usually correlations among the four varieties of characteristics. A utility characteristic like fabric elongation is going to be correlated to an operating characteristic like stitching without stretching.

Style characteristics of fabric:

Style characteristics are those changes that affect the emotional attractiveness, the fabric imports to the buyer. this can be exemplified once a consumer handles a fabric and refers to the fabric with adjectives like stiff, soft, hand, etc. The 3 basic classes for style characteristics are:

• Hand characteristic - are the changes of the fabric plane with hand manipulations, that exert tensile compression, molding, or supporting forces on the fabric. The hand characteristics include a number of the utility characteristics, like elongation, elasticity, flexibility, etc.

• Tactile characteristics - refer to the changes in surface contour that result from a mechanical force exerted on or against the surface structure. These changes apply to the surface contour aspects of the fabric surface and not the material plane. The surface contour changes dimension below tactile pressure (no matter however little the pressure) this can be a tactile characteristic. Pile, napped, and any fabric whose surface contour is varied by tactile pressure, have obvious tactile characteristics. Designers specify tactile characteristics with terms like soft, coarse, rough, hard, smooth sticky, oily and greasy.

• Visual characteristics - are the changes in the color values when either the fabric or light is moved. End – to – end shading, side - to – side shading and mark – off are three color quality problems in addition to metameric fabrics.

1. End – to – end shading - refers to changes in shade throughout the length; the shade of one end of the bolt differs from the shade of another end.
2. Side – to – side shading - refers to changes in shade from selvage to selvage; the shade of the fabric along one selvage differs from the shade of the fabric along the other selvage.
3. Mark – off - in the fabric is the phenomena of changing the shade and/or the intensity of the fabric surface by rubbing it.
4. Metameric - fabrics exhibit color distinction with modification within the spectral distribution(characteristics) of the illuminant.

Utility Characteristics:

Utility characteristics are changes within the match, comfort, and wearing functions of the garment once the fabric engages a mechanical thermal, electrical, or chemical force throughout the employment of the garment. the 2 major kinds of utility characteristics are transmission and transformation. A transmission characteristic transmits mass or energy through the fabric. Transmission characteristics include:

· Air permeability ( includes all gases and vapor)

· Heat transmission ( thermal conductivity)

· Light permeability

· Moisture transmission

• Radioactivity transmission the degree with that radioactive energy like x-ray and gamma rays will penetrate fabrics.Transformation characteristics charge a physical property of the fabric. The property dimension(s) is altered without destroying the fabric. Changes that disintegrate the fabric are sturdiness characteristics. Transformation characteristics include:

1. Colorfastness
2. Crease resistance
3. Crock resistance
4. Dimensional stability
5. Pilling
6. Shrinkage
7. Static electricity etc.

Durability characteristics:

Durability characteristics are the capacities of fabric to take care of the fashion and utility characteristics throughout wear. it's the measure of pressure that destroys the fabric or the fabrics capacity to repeat a desired style or utility characteristic. the durability characteristics are:

· Abrasive strength (measure of rubbing action)

· Bursting strength ( measure of vertical pressure)

· Launder ability ( measure of washing)

· Tearing strength

· Moth resistance

· Tensile strength

· Radiation absorption strength (the rate at which radiation energy either disintegrate a fabric or destroys utility characteristics).

· Fire resistance

· Corrosive strength ( the measure of chemical action, acid or alkaline)

· Dry cleaning durability ( the measure of dry cleaning performance)

Product Production working characteristics:

Product production operating characteristics are those characteristics that affect the standard of production with regard to quality values and also the price of production technique. The operating characteristics of a fabric include:

· Coefficient of friction ( cutting, sewing, pressing and packing)

· Sewed seam strength

· Sewed seam slippage (yarn slippage)

· Sewing distortions

· Yarn sewerage

· Bond ability strength (fused, cemented, and heat – sealed seams

· Pressing mode ability (to what degree a flat piece of fabric may be skewed during pressing with hand and /press buck).

· Die molded ability – how well a flat seamless piece of fabric may be molded with dies into a given from such as a bra cup or a hat.